Hodgsonia tsaii (Cucurbitaceae), a new species from Motuo, Xizang, China, is described. It is compared with H. macrocarpa and H. heteroclita, and differs from the two species by the entire or 3-lobed leaf, bigger and longer calyx lobes, 5- carpellate and 10-ovuled ovary, 5-lobed stigma, pepo with 20 deep grooves which are separated by 10 tall and 10 dwarf ribs. A comprehensive morphological description of H. tsaii, together with photographs, a conservation assessment, and a diagnostic key to 3 Hodgsonia species from Asia are provided. Distribution information of Hodgsonia is updated, and all the three species occur in China.